Persian Historiography In Sindh During Muslim Period

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

-

Abstract

Indiaduring Timurids (932-1274 AH) was flowrished and reached to its very high level in cultural and literary activities. The corts of Timurids rulers were the place to gather the writers and poets from Sub-continent and outside. During the noble rulers of this dynasty such as Humayoon (937-947 and 962-963 AH), King Akbar (963-1014 AH), Jehangir (1014-1037AH) and Shahjehan (1037-1067),Indiaextended and got more powerful and glorious so that all cities became the safe place for growing culture and literature. Very soon, these safe places attracted artists, writers, poets, architetures, scientists as well as sufists and ulamas to migrate to India from Iran and other neighboure countries and from all parts of Indian sub-continent. They were accepted with warm and got good jobs. Especially during the last and greatest emperor of this dynasty who was known as patronized of literature and arts, means Ourangzib(1067-1118 AH),Indiareached to its highest glory.
One of the most remarkable techniques at the time of Timurids was historiography. It was prevailing hobby at the courts of kings and princes. Persian language and literature extended in Sub-continent because of social attendings and gradually developed. Kings and their ministers were found of the Iranian literary prose and loved it as well as historiography. Therefore historians began their great job to write History. On the other side, during medieval period, many renowned historiographers from western part of sub-continent, Sindh region, wrote a lot of historical texts in Persian. Some of those manuscripts edited and printed by scholars in the recent years. These are the most important sources for better understanding not only Sub-continent history during the Islamic period but also social and cultural status in the same period. Hence, very soon the best historic sources were prepared and written by the noble historiogrphers, Indian or Iranian, in Persian.
This article tries to disscuss on 17 of these main and real sources and highlightes their  potential  and  preference.

Keywords


 Heravi, Khawja Nizamuddin Ahmed. Tabaghat-e Akbari. (manuscript/ Punjab University Library- Lahore).
 Khan, Khodadad(1959) Lobbe Tarikh-e Sindh, Edited by Dr.Nabi Bakhsh Khan Baluch, Sindhi Adabi Board,Hyderabad.
 Khan Zaman Khan, Khawja Ghulam Hossein(1377) Tarikh-e Asafjahian, Ed. by Muhammad Mehdi  Tavassoli,Islamabad.
 Mian, Noor Mohammad(1964) Manshoor-ul Vasiyat va Dastoor-ul Hokoomat, Edited by Pir Hussamuddin Rashdi, Sindhi Adabi Board,Hyderabad.
 Mirak,Yusuf (1962)Tarikhe Mazhar-e Shahjahani, Edited by Pir Hussamuddin Rashdi, Sindhi Adabi Board,Hyderabad.
 Rashdi, Pir Hussamuddin(2002) Maghalate Rashdi, Edited by Gholam Mohammad Lakho, Karachi University, Karachi.
 Seljuq, Affan(2008)IranNameh, Edited by Dr.MohammadMehdi Tavassoli,PakistanAcademyofLetters,Karachi.
 Tafhimi S.( 2007)” Services of Pir Hussamuddin Rashdi to Persian Language, Literature & Culture”, Danish, Ouarterly Journal, Iran-Pak Institute of Persian Studies,Islamabad, No.90, Autumn.
 Tasbihi,Mohammad Hussain(2005) Alphabetical Catalogue of The Manuscripts in The Ganjbakhsh Library,Iran-Pak Institute of Persian Studies,Islamabad.
 Tavassoli, Muhammad Mehdi(2009) “Contribution of Pir Hussamuddin Rashidi on Historiography of Sindh after 1947”, in Sindh:Glimpses Into Modern History 1843-1999. Department of General History,UniversityofSindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.pp.42-46.
 Tavassoli, Muhammad Mehdi(1381) "Tabaghat-e Akbari-The History of Sub-continent", Ayena Miras, Nos.2&3,pp.102-104.
 Tatavi, Mir Ali Shair Qane’e(1979) Tohfat-ul-Karaam ,Edited by Pir Hussamuddin Rashdi, Sindhi Adabi Board Hyderabad.
 Tatavi, Mir Ali Shair Qane’e(1967) Makli Nameh, Sindhi Abadi Board,Hyderabad.