The Reflection of Pakistan’s 2010 Flood on Extremism

Document Type : Research Paper

10.22111/jsr.2012.630

Abstract

Pakistan, as one of the most important Islamic countries, has been the hub of many extremist movements ofSouth-east Asiaover the three past decades. Many changes have extensively influenced the growth ofthe extremist movements inPakistan: domestic, regional, and international changes, including theIslamization program of General Zia UlHaq, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the Islamic Jihad against the Soviet Union and the occupation ofAfghanistanand American invasion ofAfghanistanin 2001. Given thatPakistanis a chaotic country economically, politically and socially, the catastrophic flood which hit it resulted in new critical troubles and difficulties. This paper is an attempt to investigate the effects of the destructive 2010 flood on the rise of extremism insidePakistan. In this regard, the concept of extremism and its characteristics are first examined. Then, the most important extremist groups ofPakistanare categorized. Having studied the economic and political consequences of Pakistan’s flood, this paper will finally bring to light the following point: the flood crisis caused the Islamic groups to be united to help the people of the damaged areas, and it also caused the extremism to be raised because the chaotic situation after the flood was attributed to the inefficiency of the government.

Keywords

References

1-    اسکندریان، مهدی (1385)  پاکستان، تهران: موسسه مطالعات وتحقیقات بین­المللی ابرار معاصر.
2-  حسینی عارف، سید علیرضا (1389) سیلی مانند سونامی؛ بررسی ابعاد فاجعه بزرگ سیل پاکستان ، دو ماهنامه گنجینه مجمع، شماره 42، مرداد و شهریور
3-    جمالی، جواد(1390) افراط­گرایی در پاکستان، تهران: انتشارات اندیشه­سازان نور
4-  خواجه سروی، غلامرضا(1390) بیداری اسلامی در گستره سیاست جهانی (درآمدی تحلیلی بر اسلام سیاسی) تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه امام صادق.
5-  شفیعی، نوذر، قلیچ خان، غلامرضا (1389) تبیین تاثیر رادیکالیسم اسلامی بر روابط ایران و پاکستان، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی جهان اسلام، سال یازدهم، شمارۀ42، تابستان
6-  شهوند، شهراد(1390) اشغال نظامی افغانستان و گسترش افراط­گرایی فرقه­ای در پاکستان(2010-2001)، پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، داتشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران.
7-    فرخی، حسن (1376) سرزمین های اسلامی در جنوب آسیا «پاکستان»، مجله مشکوه، شماره 56 و 57، پاییز و زمستان
8-  بی نام (1388) معاونت پژوهشی موسسه مطالعات وتحقیقات بین المللی ابرار معاصر تهران، کتاب امنیت بین­المللی،ویژه القاعده. تهران: موسسه فرهنگی  مطالعات و تحقیقات بین المللی ابرار معاصر تهران.
9-    بی نام (1389) موسسه چشم­انداز توسعه و امنیت، سیل پاکستان، تداوم فقر و تهدیدات امنیتی، قابل دسترس در:
‏ http://www.idsp.ir/fa/pages/?cid=155
10- نجف آبادی، محمد علی هادی (1362) پاکستان در جستجوی هویت مفقود، تهران: نور.
11- واعظی، محمود و ولی کوزه­گر کالجی(1390) پاکستان؛ چالش­های داخلی و سیاست خارجی، تهران: انتشارات مرکز تحقیقات استراتژیک.
12- بی نام (1388) پاکستان، تهران: موسسه چاپ و  انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه.
 
13- Abbas ,Hassan, (2004) Pakistan's Drift into Extremism: Allah, then Army, and America's War Terror, M.E.,Sharpe.
14- Butt, Usama and N. Elahi, (2010) Pakistan's Quagmire: Security, Strategy, and the Future of the Islamic-nuclear Nation, Continuum press.
15- Borum, Randy, (2011) Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories, Journal of Strategic Security, Volume 4, Issue 4,pp.7-36
16-  Constable, Pamela, (2011)Playing with Fire: Pakistan at War with Itself, Random House
17- Haqqani, Husain, (2005) Pakistan: Between Mosque And Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
18- Hussain , Zahid, (2007) Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam, Columbia University Press .
19-  Fair, Christine(2004) Militant Recruitment in Pakistan: Implications for Al Qaeda and Other Organizations, Studies in /Conflict &  Terrorism, Volume 27, Issue 6
20-Faruqui,Naser,( 2004) Responding to the water Crisis in Pakistan, Water Resource Development, Vol.20,No.2, June.
21- Georges,Claude and Pierre Rakisits,( 2012) Pakistan’s twin interrelated challenges: economic Development and Security, Australian Journal of International Affairs Vol.66,No.2, April
22- Nameless,(2010) International Institute for Strategic Studies, Pakistan's floods: broader implications, Strategic Comments, Volume 16, comment No.29- September.
23-Kronstadt, Alan, Sheikh, Pervaze and Bruce Vaughn (2010) Flooding in Pakistan: Overview and Issues for Congress, CSR Reporter for congress, No, R41424, November.
24-Lieven,Anatol(2011) Pakistan: A Hard Country, Public Affairs, London.
25- Malik, Iftikhar,(2010) Pakistan: Democracy, Terrorism, and the Building of a Nation, published by Olive Branch.
26- Nameless(2010) Pakistan Flood Event Recap Report, Available At: www.aon.com/ attachments/ reinsurance/ 201008_ Pakistan _ flood.pdf
27-Rashid, Ahmad, (2010) Pakistan floods: An Emergency for the West, Available At: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/world news/ Asia/ Pakistan/7941820/Pakistan-floods-an-emergency-for-the-West.html
28- Sareen , Sushant (2011) Socio-Economic Underpinning of Jihadism in Pakistan, Strategic Analysis ,Vol. 35, No. 1 ,January, p.6-11
29-  Siddiqa, Ayesha,( 2011) Pakistan's Counterterrorism Strategy: Separating Friends from Enemies, The Washington  Quarterly, No 34, Winter.
30-Singh, Rashmi (2010(The Security Dimension of Pakistan’s Floods, linked Available At:
 http://www.majalla.com/eng/ 2010/09/article 55143673
 
Journal of Subcontinent Researches
Volume 3, Issue 9 - Serial Number 9
February 2011
Pages 7-28

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics