Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
M.A. Graduate in Archaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2
Associate Professor, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
10.22111/jsr.2026.54554.2580
Abstract
The aim of this research is to provide an independent and comparative analysis of the evolution of Jal in the historical period before the influence of Islam and the Islamic era and to answer the question of what evolution Jals have undergone in traditional Indian architecture in terms of form, climatic function, and cultural meanings. The research method is qualitative, descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach, and the data were collected through a documentary-library study including specialized books, scientific articles, theses, and visual documentation of significant buildings. The data analysis was conducted using a qualitative content method, and then the characteristics of Jal in different historical periods were compared with each other. The research results show that Jals, in addition to intelligently responding to the climatic and social conditions of the Indian subcontinent, have shaped the identity of Hindu-Islamic architecture as an independent visual language. During the Mughal period, jalis reached the highest level of technical sophistication and geometric complexity, and their influence has continued into contemporary Indian architecture. In addition, jalis facilitate air flow, control light intensity, and maintain privacy by creating a network of pores.
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