An Analysis of the Types of Īhām in the Divan of Malek-e Qomi

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. student of Persian Language and Literature, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.

2 Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.

10.22111/jsr.2025.51730.2501

Abstract

Malek Qomi is a Persian-speaking poet of the late 10th and early 11th centuries AH and is considered one of the literary figures of India. Despite benefiting from linguistic and rhetorical features, his collection of ghazals has so far rarely been analyzed from the perspective of rhetorical devices. The aim of this study is to identify different types of īhām (a classical Persian rhetorical device involving semantic ambiguity or double meaning) and analyze their structural and semantic functions in Malek-e Qomi’s ghazals. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. After a full reading of the ghazals and extraction of examples of īhām, the data were categorized and analyzed based on the types of Īhām. The results show that īhām-e-tanāsob has the highest frequency among the various types of Īhām, followed by īhām-e tazad (Contrastive īhām), īhām-e Do-Gāne-Xāni (Dual Reading), īhām-e tarjomeh (Translational īhām), and īhām-e tabādor (Simultaneous Evocation). The findings indicate that although Malek-e Qomi did not innovate new types of Īhām, he skillfully and diversely used it as a means to enrich meaning, create artistic ambiguity, and establish cohesive links between parts of the poem.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Journal of Subcontinent Researches

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 23 June 2025

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics