Review of the literary genre in the poem of Padmaavat, by Jaesi

Abstract
"Padmaavat" poem is one of the Indian poems in Owdi language. Mirza Malek Mohammad Jaisi (856-921), a Sufi poet, wrote this poem in the form of Masnavi with 4196 verses. Some Indian writers and experts consider this poem to be one of the types of epic literature, and others consider it under the literary types of Islamic Sufism and folklore romance, and refer to it as "Ek Razmiyeh Nizam" or "Friendly Poem". The aim of the current research, titled " Review of the literary genre in the poem of Padmaavat, by Mirza Malek Mohammad Jaesi ", is to categorize the proficiency in recognizing its literary type. The hypothesis of the research is that the Padmaavat poem is a romantic poem with an epic aspect. This research is written in tow parts. The first part is to express opinions about the nature of the present poem, the origin of the story and the introduction of the poet. In the second part, we have measured the structure of the poem with the parameters of romantic poetry or heroism of Iranian poems, and at the end, we have answered the questions and assumptions of the research.
 
1. Introduction
“Padmaavat” is one of the first Indian Persian poems written during the reign of Shir Shah Suri (1538-1545 AD), according to the research of Seyyed Amir Hassan Abedi. This time coincides with the imitation and burlesque of Persian literary poets in the 10th century of Hijri. The 9th and 10th century is devoid of personal emotions and it spoke of the emotions and imaginations of the past poets.Therefore, Padmaavat is an imitation of the romance of Iranian and Indian poets.
Jaesi's poem has a Persian structure that written in Persian and Odi languages. With the dominance of British colonialism in 1814 AD, the glorious era of Persian language in India began to decline and apparently from 1835 AD onwards, it was gradually defeated by the British. (Mustafawi, 1371:91.)
For this reason, the poems of Padmaavat, which was written in Persian and Hindi, went into silence until after centuries in 2016, Sanjay Leela Bhansali made a controversial film based on the love theme of Jaisi's poem. This film drew the attention of writers, historians and people of India to Jaesi's poems.
It seems that in this poem, Jaesi paid attention to the poems of poets such as Nizami, Onsori and the special accent of Molavi in his Sufi Masnawi. Burlesques were written on this romantic work, for example, Abdul Shakur Bazmi, imitating Jaesi, composed his Persian poems "Padmaavat" in Hazaj Musamman Saalem weight. Professor Seyed Amir Hasan Abedi, a professor at Delhi University, enumerates burlesques of Jaisi's Masnavi in an article and explains each one. Apparently, these burlesques date back to the first decade of the 1800s. It was composed and after that no trace of burlesques, summaries, adaptations, etc. was seen in Indian works.
1.1. Research methodology
The scope of this review is the romance poem of "Padmaavat" by Mirza Malek Mohammad Jaesi, and it is the basis for evaluating the standards proposed by writers in the books of literary genres and Persian poetry.
Since the Padmaavat poem is an old work and one of the manuscripts in the treasure of manuscripts, firstly, the scanned images of the book, arranged and studied. Then we have done the general and implicit translation of the work. During the study of the work, we have examined the structure of the "Padmaavat" poem based on the criteria of literary books and then answered the usual questions and hypotheses of the research by means of the analysis method.
2. Discussion
The Padmavat poem is one of the few systems that have been noticed in Urdu-Hindi literature. Although Padmavat is in both Persian and Urdu languages, this work has received less attention in Persian literature. The poet wrote this work at the beginning of the 15th century, equal to the 10th century of the Hijri. After mentioning God's name, he begins his system with this verse:
«هر ایک صورت مین وه آکر نیا جلوه دیکاتا ہے/ کبی لیلی، کبی یوسف، کبی عذرا کلاتا ہے »
At the very beginning, he announces the romance of his work by mentioning the names of Lily, Yusuf and Ezra. But his work is among the literary works of Islamic mystics, epic and romantic works. It seems that Indian writers have not yet figured out the classification of his work. Professor Harish Trivedi considers this work as one of the types of epics with Sufi themes and considers it one of the poems of Urdu language., University of Dehli: 2018)
Professor Zaheer Al Hasan Jafari, the former head of the history department of Delhi University, also mentions the influence of Ibn Arabi and Maulvi on the writing of Padmaavat. (Al Hasan. Z 2018)
Another theory classifies Padmavat as one of the types of romantic literature under folklore works, which is among modern Indian works (from the 10th to the 13th century):
 «جایسی کی پدماوت دوستانہ‌انداز میں آڈ ریجن کی لوگ داستانوں پر مبنی رومانوی کہانیاں ہیں۔»
In this article, which is expressed by the Indian literature website and under the literary types of India, it clearly introduces Padmavat as a romantic poem in Odi language based on folk tales.
In this section, we have understood the structure of the poem and after mentioning the order and sequence of events, we have measured them with the standards of romantic or heroic Iranian poems and Jaesi's deconstructive composition. Causal and effect relationships in plotting, exaggeration, repetition, independence of events, stasis, uncertainty of place and time and some other criteria such as description were studied and analyzed in this work.
In this article, the writer tried to evaluate the poem based on the parameters of romantic writing and epic writing and find out its literary type.
3. Conclusion
The story of Padmavat is one of the works of lyrical narrative literature that has taken on a heroic aspect to some extent. Of course, this aspect is very small and short.
Although he claims the superiority of Indian love over other loves, he has followed the romance of Nizami, Hafez and other Iranian poets. He used mystical terms such as satisfaction, trust, and surrender to console the character of the story lover; He guaranteed poems by Maulvi Ishrat and Maulvi Jam in his writing and emphasized the unity of love, lover and beloved by considering three loves for one lover. As Professor Harish Trivedi believes, this poem is not completely mystical and Sufi, although sometimes it takes on the color of mysticism, and of course it is not so heroic and epic, but rather a romantic masnavi
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